Pain Management and Its Possible Implementation Research in North Ethiopia: A before and after Study

Table 2

Outcome variables of pain management implementation for postcaesarean section patients in ACSH, north Ethiopia, Jan–June 2018.

Characteristics	Before intervention		After intervention		value
	N (106)	%	N (110)	%
Least pain experienced within 24 hours
Moderate	22	20.8	1	0.9	<0.001
Mild	80	75.5	91	82.7
No	4	3.8	18	16.4
Worst pain experienced within 24 hours
Severe	56	52.8	19	17.3	<0.001
Moderate	46	43.4	75	68.2
Mild	4	3.8	16	14.5
Amount of time spent in severe pain within 24 hours
Always	17	16.0	1	0.9	<0.001
Around half	65	61.3	38	34.5
Some of it	24	22.6	71	64.5
Restricting activities in bed
Severe	25	23.6	4	3.6	<0.001
Moderate	64	60.4	42	38.2
Mild	17	16.0	64	58.2
Restricting activities out of bed
Severe	52	49.1	20	18.2	<0.001
Moderate	44	41.5	75	68.2
Mild	10	9.4	15	13.6
Interferes falling asleep
Moderate	48	45.3	4	3.6	<0.001
Mild	52	49.1	97	88.2
No	6	5.7	9	8.2
Interferes staying asleep
Moderate	32	30.2	2	1.8	<0.001
Mild	60	56.6	91	82.7
No	14	13.2	17	15.5
How much the pain makes you feel anxious
Moderate	77	72.6	10	9.1	<0.001
Mild	23	21.7	78	70.9
No pain	6	5.7	22	20.0
How much the pain feel you depressed
Mild	78	73.6	30	27.3	<0.001
No	28	26.4	80	72.7
How much the pain makes you feel frightened
Mild	46	43.4	2	1.8	<0.001
No	60	56.6	108	98.2
How much the pain makes you feel helpless
Mild	21	19.8	0	0.0	<0.001
No	85	80.2	110	100
Severity of nausea/vomiting
Mild	42	39.6	36	32.7	0.323
No	64	60.4	74	67.3
Drowsiness
Moderate	3	2.8	1	0.9	0.01
Mild	27	25.5	12	10.9
No	76	71.7	97	88.2
Itching
Moderate	56	52.8	10	9.1	0.543
Mild	23	21.7	78	70.9
No pain	6	5.7	22	20.0
Dizziness
Mild	15	14.2	18	16.4	0.863
No	91	85.8	92	83.6
How much pain relief was receives in 24 hours
All	4	3.8	26	23.6	<0.001
Around half	28	26.4	66	60.0
Some	74	69.8	18	16.4
Were you allowed to participate in pain treatment as much as you wanted?
Yes	32	30.2	89	80.9	<0.001
No	74	69.8	21	19.1
Are you satisfied with the result of your pain treatment?
Yes	36	34.0	89	80.9	<0.001
No	70	66.0	21	19.1

 = Fischer’s exact test used.