Potential Impacts of the Introduction of Low-Sulfur Fuel on PM_𝟐.𝟓 Concentrations at Breathing Level in a Subarctic City

Figure 5

Scatter plots of the REF simulation of 24 h-average PM_2.5 concentrations versus (a) near-surface temperature, (b) ABL height, (c) vertically integrated hydrometeor mixing ratio, and (d) downward shortwave radiation, and differences REF-LSF of 24 h-average PM_2.5 concentrations versus difference (REF-LSF) of daily mean (e) near-surface temperature, (f) ABL height, (g) vertically integrated hydrometeor mixing ratio, and (h) downward shortwave radiation in the nonattainment area for the 182 simulation days. The lines crossing at zero indicate nondifferences with respect to the values at the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axis.

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