Numerical Simulations of the South American Low Level Jet in Two Episodes of MCSs: Sensitivity to PBL and Convective Parameterization Schemes

Figure 4

Atmospheric fields from NCEP CSF Reanalysis valid at 12Z 21 October 2008 ((a)–(c)), 00Z 22 October 2008 ((d)–(f)), and 12Z 22 October 2008 ((g)–(i)). (a), (d), and (g): 500 hPa geopotential heights (black contours, in dam), 200 hPa winds (vectors, in m s⁻¹; reference vector indicated in the bottom of (a), (d), and (g)), and wind speed (grey shading, in m s⁻¹; shading scale provided at the bottom of (a), (d), and (g)). (b), (e), and (h): mean sea level pressure (black contours, in hPa), 850 hPa winds (vectors, in m s⁻¹; reference vector indicated at the bottom of (b), (e), and (h)), and moisture flux (grey shading, in g kg⁻¹ m s⁻¹; shading scale provided at the bottom of (b), (e), and (h)). (c), (f), and (i): surface frontogenetic function, only where it is equal to or greater than 0.05 × 10⁻⁸ K m⁻¹ s⁻¹ (see shading scale provided at the bottom of (c), (f), and (i)).

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(b)

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(i)