Climate Change Indicators and Spatiotemporal Shift in Monsoon Patterns in Pakistan

Table 4

Extent of spatial shift of monsoon over northern monsoon belt of Pakistan for different thresholds of rainy and moderate to heavy rainfall.

Year	Area (km^2)	Difference from baseline area (km^2)	Average area (2010–2017) (km^2)	Difference (km^2)	Shift (km^2)
					Advancing side	Receding side
≥2.5 mm/day (light rainfall)
Baseline (1998–2017)	225,322		281,355	+56,033	11,752	7,523
2010	441,384	216,062
2011	270,487	45,165
2012	269,659	44,337
2013	236,788	11,466
2014	203,541	−21,781
2015	420,155	194,833
2016	243,272	17,950
2017	165,551	−59,771
≥4 mm/day (moderate to heavy rainfall)
Baseline (1998–2017)	158,838		133,567	−25,271		14,388
2010	292,311	133,473
2011	153,214	−5,624
2012	85,961	−72,877
2013	137,429	−21,409
2014	116,010	−42,828
2015	110,730	−48,108
2016	92,809	−66,029
2017	80,073	−78,765