Frequency Analysis of Functionally Graded Curved Pipes Conveying Fluid

Figure 3

The lowest four natural frequencies of the FGM curved pipes conveying fluid as functions of flow velocity for different values of power gradient index: (a) 1st mode; (b) 2nd mode; (c) 3rd mode; (d) 4th mode.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)