Predicting Pumpability and Shootability of Crushed Aggregate Wet-Mix Shotcrete Based on Rheological Properties

Table 3

Predicted build-up thickness ranges for WMS mixtures meeting pumping requirements.

Mixture group	Pumpable range (%)	Predicted build-up thickness (mm)
Silica fume only	5–15	97–173
Fly ash	—	—
GGBFS	30–40	68–84
9.1% silica fume
Metakaolin	0–10	114–218
Steel fiber	—	—
Overall range	5–15	68–218