Numerical Study on the Local Buckling Behaviour of Bolted Steel Plates in Steel Jacketing

Figure 9

Failure modes of models with arranging different stiffeners: (a) E4SN, (b) E4MN, (c) E6LN, (d) E4MM, and (e) E4LL.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)