X-Ray Diffraction Technique for Residual Stress Measurement in NiCrMo Alloy Weld Metal

Table 1

Parameters and variables used to weld the 9%Ni steel pipe butt joint with the GTA and SMA processes using Ni-based superalloy 625.

Welding parameter or variable			Weld pass
			Root	Hot	Fill	Cap
Welding process			GTAW	GTAW	SMAW	SMAW
Number of weld passes			1	3	41	5
Gas	Shield	Type	Argon	Argon	N.A.	N.A.
		Flow rate (l/min)	12	12	N.A.	N.A.
	Purge	Type	Argon	Argon	N.A.	N.A.
		Flow rate (l/min)	12	12	N.A.	N.A.
Current		Type	CC	CC	CC	CC
		Polarity	Direct	Direct	Reverse	Reverse
Electrode		Type	EW-La2	EW-La2	Basic	Basic
		Size (mm)	1.6	1.6	3.2	3.2
Current, I (A)			120	120	85	85
Voltage, U (V)			12	11	26	25
Welding speed, WS (mm/s)			0.7	1.5	1.5	1.9
Heat input, HI (kJ/mm)			1.9	1.0	1.6	1.2

Mean value. N.A. = not applicable.