Effects of Crimp and Textile Architecture on the Stiffness and Strength of Composites with 3D Reinforcement

Table 2

The Young moduli (GPa), measured and estimated from equation (2).

Textile type		Plain 3D woven			Noobed	3D woven with stuffer
Name	Warp	S	B	D	BN	BS
Measured, pristine (S + I)	8 × 8	68.5 ± 0.4	53.0 ± 1.6	36.4 ± 2.8	71.5 ± 0.7	79.2 ± 6.7
	6 × 6	—	57.5 ± 1.3	—	67.8 ± 1.5	—
	4 × 4	—	57.7 ± 0.1	—	—	—
Measured, milled (I)	6 × 6M	74.6 ± 0.3	58.8 ± 5.1	31.9 ± 2.2	90.5 ± 2.4	96.4
	4 × 4M	—	58.9 ± 2.5	—	91.2 ± 2.4	—
Estimated (S)	8 × 8	60.7	45.6	42.2	47.1	57.1
	6 × 6	—	56.4	—	49.1	—