Strain Rate Effect on Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Energy Mechanisms of Karst Limestone under Uniaxial Compression

Figure 4

Failure modes of the karst limestone under different strain rates. (a) 5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. (b) 2 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. (c) 1 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. (d) 5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. (e) 5 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. (f) 2 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. (g) 1 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. (h) 5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)