Research Article
Study of the Effect of Process Parameters on Surface Profile Accuracy in Single-Point Incremental Sheet Forming of AA1050-H14 Aluminum Alloy
| Experiment no. | d | f | s | t | Waviness error (mm) | Circularity error (mm) | Roughness parameters (µm) | Side angle error (°) | W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | C1 | C2 | C3 | Ra | Rt |
| 1 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 3.98 | 3.80 | 3.93 | 1.4 | 15.75 | 0.05 | 2 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.78 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 4.17 | 4.04 | 3.80 | 1.45 | 14.25 | 0.03 | 3 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 4.09 | 3.30 | 3.70 | 1.4 | 12.25 | 0.56 | 4 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.26 | 4.16 | 4.02 | 3.50 | 1.75 | 15.625 | 1.31 | 5 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.81 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 4.32 | 3.73 | 3.56 | 2.1 | 20.25 | 0.88 | 6 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.72 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.41 | 3.77 | 3.84 | 3.51 | 2.2 | 16.375 | 0.44 | 7 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.18 | 0.34 | 0.48 | 3.62 | 3.74 | 3.60 | 2.3 | 19.875 | 0.03 | 8 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.67 | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 4.05 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 1.975 | 18.875 | 0.42 | 9 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.53 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 3.56 | 3.56 | 3.60 | 1.475 | 16.75 | 0.27 | 10 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.65 | 0.33 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 3.94 | 3.77 | 3.48 | 1.875 | 16.625 | 0.36 | 11 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.88 | 0.39 | 0.65 | 0.43 | 3.77 | 3.55 | 3.34 | 2.025 | 15.875 | 0.09 | 12 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.77 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 3.52 | 3.46 | 3.71 | 2.075 | 15.75 | 0.34 | 13 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 4.10 | 3.65 | 3.50 | 0.4 | 3.75 | 0.47 | 14 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 4.32 | 3.97 | 3.93 | 0.575 | 5.75 | 0.16 | 15 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 4.17 | 3.74 | 3.57 | 0.475 | 5.375 | 0.06 | 16 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.76 | 0.35 | 0.49 | 0.36 | 4.16 | 3.88 | 3.69 | 0.4 | 3.625 | 0.86 | 17 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 3.83 | 3.82 | 3.79 | 0.4 | 3.875 | 0.12 | 18 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 1 | 0.71 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 3.78 | 3.68 | 3.84 | 0.425 | 4.625 | 0.27 | 19 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.68 | 0.40 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 4.21 | 3.36 | 3.50 | 0.425 | 5 | 0.41 | 20 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.46 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.31 | 3.93 | 3.92 | 3.57 | 0.425 | 4.5 | 0.16 | 21 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.59 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 4.22 | 3.45 | 3.65 | 0.425 | 4 | 0.03 | 22 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.60 | 0.29 | 1.48 | 0.35 | 3.78 | 3.34 | 3.69 | 0.425 | 4.625 | 0.68 | 23 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.74 | 0.40 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 3.87 | 3.91 | 3.85 | 0.4 | 4 | 0.11 | 24 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 1 | 0.56 | 0.27 | 0.43 | 0.35 | 3.99 | 3.65 | 3.68 | 0.45 | 4.125 | 0.49 | 25 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.01 | 0.75 | 1.49 | 0.47 | 3.48 | 3.85 | 3.63 | 2.35 | 19.375 | 0.6 | 26 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.33 | 0.83 | 0.75 | 0.50 | 3.93 | 3.83 | 3.64 | 2.25 | 20.25 | 0.78 | 27 | 10 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.99 | 0.68 | 0.59 | 0.55 | 4.22 | 3.45 | 3.65 | 1.85 | 15.875 | 0.3 | 28 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 0.88 | 0.51 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 4.28 | 3.93 | 3.61 | 1.975 | 18.875 | 1.66 | 29 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 0.89 | 0.65 | 1.46 | 0.39 | 3.77 | 3.50 | 3.46 | 2.075 | 17.875 | 0.38 | 30 | 10 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 1.17 | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 3.55 | 4.01 | 3.69 | 2.125 | 19.875 | 1.45 | 31 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.20 | 0.80 | 1.46 | 0.49 | 4.12 | 3.84 | 4.05 | 2.5 | 18.625 | 0.4 | 32 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.38 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.66 | 3.53 | 3.76 | 3.55 | 2.1 | 16.75 | 0.32 | 33 | 10 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.27 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.44 | 4.21 | 3.48 | 3.56 | 1.825 | 13.875 | 0.49 | 34 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.45 | 0.51 | 4.27 | 3.76 | 3.60 | 1.875 | 14.75 | 1.17 | 35 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.16 | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.56 | 3.75 | 4.11 | 3.59 | 2.3 | 19.375 | 1 | 36 | 10 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.30 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 3.51 | 3.96 | 3.72 | 1.675 | 19.75 | 0.82 | 37 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.96 | 0.58 | 0.40 | 0.21 | 4.24 | 3.26 | 3.72 | 0.55 | 7.375 | 0.75 | 38 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.77 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 4.25 | 3.56 | 4.05 | 0.6 | 6.625 | 0.96 | 39 | 20 | 500 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.81 | 0.45 | 0.34 | 0.19 | 4.12 | 3.92 | 4.07 | 0.775 | 9.75 | 0.6 | 40 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 1.26 | 0.73 | 0.58 | 0.35 | 4.13 | 3.84 | 3.59 | 0.9 | 12.125 | 1 | 41 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 1.33 | 1.33 | 0.63 | 0.38 | 3.57 | 3.96 | 3.77 | 0.675 | 8.75 | 0.79 | 42 | 20 | 500 | 1 | 2 | 1.13 | 0.63 | 1.49 | 0.36 | 3.69 | 3.82 | 3.45 | 0.7 | 8.75 | 0.71 | 43 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.84 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 4.11 | 3.79 | 3.82 | 0.525 | 5.625 | 0.93 | 44 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.95 | 0.55 | 0.67 | 0.27 | 4.04 | 3.92 | 3.76 | 0.55 | 5.25 | 0.61 | 45 | 20 | 1000 | 0.5 | 2 | 1.00 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.26 | 4.08 | 3.72 | 3.85 | 0.475 | 4.125 | 1.05 | 46 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.20 | 0.71 | 1.42 | 0.43 | 3.56 | 3.91 | 3.57 | 0.7 | 11.125 | 1.13 | 47 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.19 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.44 | 4.18 | 3.86 | 3.61 | 0.65 | 8.5 | 1.07 | 48 | 20 | 1000 | 1 | 2 | 1.27 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.44 | 4.05 | 3.81 | 3.60 | 0.525 | 5.125 | 1.14 |
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