Numerical Investigation of Wind Erosion to the Grooved Concrete Wall Surface under a Wind-Blown Sand Movement

Table 4

Erosion rates of grooved and smooth wall surfaces under different groove spacings and impact angles.

Impact angle (°)	Groove spacing (mm)	Erosion rate of grooved wall surface (mg/m^2·s)	Erosion rate of smooth wall surface (mg/m^2·s)	Optimization rate (%)
30	2	1.357E + 02	7.424E + 01	−82.786
	4	1.344E + 02	7.436E + 01	−80.742
	6	1.331E + 02	7.434E + 01	−79.042
45	2	1.494E + 02	1.217E + 02	−22.761
	4	1.490E + 02	1.216E + 02	−22.533
	6	1.471E + 02	1.216E + 02	−20.970
60	2	1.773E + 02	1.847E + 02	4.006
	4	1.766E + 02	1.848E + 02	4.437
	6	1.778E + 02	1.847E + 02	3.736
75	2	2.432E + 02	2.995E + 02	18.798
	4	2.409E + 02	2.993E + 02	19.512
	6	2.409E + 02	2.991E + 02	19.458
90	2	2.799E + 02	3.629E + 02	22.871
	4	2.799E + 02	3.630E + 02	22.893
	6	2.804E + 02	3.629E + 02	22.734