A Systematic Review on the Performance Characteristics of Sustainable, Unfired Admixed Soil Blocks for Agricultural and Industrial Waste Management

Table 8

Water Absorption values of unfired admixed soil blocks as reported in the reviewed articles.

Ref.	Binders/fibers	Binder/fiber content (% range)	Initial/unstabilized absorption (%)	Min. absorption(%) after stabilization	Percentage increase (+)/percentage decrease (−)
[9]	Sugarcane bagasse ash	0–40	11.29	11.38	0.80
[15]	Cement	5	Not reported	18	NA
	Limestone waste	3.0–5.0
	Granite waste	60–65
	Sand	27–30
[16]	Cement	12	Not reported	15.3	NA
	Grit	81
[17]	Cement	9	21	19	−9.52
	Sand	9.0–77.0
	Kaolin	14
[19]	Cement	5.0–15.0	12.4	7	−43.5
	Cement + fibers	0.1–0.2	13.8	9.8	−28.99
	Cement + fibers	0.1–0.2	12.7	9.1	−28.35
[23]	Cement	0–8.0	Failed	Failed	NA
	Rice husk ash	0–20
[26]	Construction debris + sand + cement	20–30	14.39	15	4.24
[27]	Cement	4.0–10.0	5.84	6.95	19.01
	Sugarcane bagasse ash	4.0–8.0
[28]	9% cement + mineral wool waste	0–4.0	18	11	−38.89
	9% cement + sisal fiber	0.1–0.4	18	12	−33.33
[33]	Cement	4.8–6.0	13.8	12.1	−12.32
	6% cement + rice husk ash	1.0–5.0	12.1	8.5	−29.75
	6% cement + lime	1.0–4.0	12.1	11.8	−2.48
[36]	10% cement + limestone residues	30–50	15	13	−13.33
[10]	Sand	30	3.1	1.2	−61.29
	Rice husk ash	5.0–15.0
	Lime	5.0–15.0
[21]	Sugarcane bagasse	0.25–1.0	8.1	10.4	28.40
	Coconut husk	0.25–1.0	8.1	9.8	20.99
	Oil palm fruit	0.25–1.0	8.1	9.4	16.05
[35]	Alkali-resistant glass	0.25–1.0	20	11.4	−43.00
	Polypropylene	0.25–1.0	20	6.5	−67.50
	Banana	0.25–1.0	20	8.9	−55.50
	Jute	0.25–1.0	20	10.4	−48.00
[38]	Fly ash: rice husk ash	100 : 0–0 : 100	11.76	7.70	−34.52
[39]	Cement: Clay oil	1 : 15	17.45	15.25	−12.61
	Rice husk ash	0–20
[40]	Lime	10	Not reported	4.87	NA
	Fly ash	10–16