[Retracted] Optimizing the Characteristics of the Laser Hardfacing Process Parameters to Maximize the Wear Resistance of Ni-Based Hard-Faced Deposits Using the RSM Technique

Table 1

Fixing the working range of laser hardfacing macrostructure analysis.

S. no.	Process parameters	Parameter range	Macrograph	Name of the defect
1	Laser power (P)	W		Crack and high dilution
		W		Pores and escaping of powder
2	Powder feed rate (F)	F > 11 g/min		Cracks
		F < 3 g/min		High depth of penetration and high dilution
3	Travel speed (T)	T > 500 mm/min		Cracks
		T < 300 mm/min		Excess bead height
4	Defocusing distance (D)	D > 37 mm		Poor bonding
		D < 17 mm		Presence of pores