Research Article

[Retracted] Optimizing the Characteristics of the Laser Hardfacing Process Parameters to Maximize the Wear Resistance of Ni-Based Hard-Faced Deposits Using the RSM Technique

Table 1

Fixing the working range of laser hardfacing macrostructure analysis.

S. no.Process parametersParameter rangeMacrographName of the defect

1Laser power (P) WCrack and high dilution
 WPores and escaping of powder

2Powder feed rate (F)F > 11 g/minCracks
F < 3 g/minHigh depth of penetration and high dilution

3Travel speed (T)T > 500 mm/minCracks
T < 300 mm/minExcess bead height

4Defocusing distance (D)D > 37 mmPoor bonding
D < 17 mmPresence of pores