A Coupled Discrete-Finite Element Method for Shear Strength Analysis of Geogrid-Reinforced Railway Ballast

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameters</td><td class="align_center">Values</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Density of clump</td><td class="align_center">2545 kg/m<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Friction coefficient</td><td class="align_center">0.3–0.9</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Normal stiffness</td><td class="align_center">3 × 10<sup>7</sup> N/m</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Shear stiffness</td><td class="align_center">2.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> N/m</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Young’s modulus</td><td class="align_center">5 × 10<sup>9</sup> Pa</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Poisson's ratio</td><td class="align_center">0.22</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Computational parameters of DEM.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Table 2

Table 2: A Coupled Discrete-Finite Element Method for Shear Strength Analysis of Geogrid-Reinforced Railway Ballast 