Research Article
Performance and Emission Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil Obtained from Neem de Oiled Cake and Waste Polystyrene in a Compression Ignition Engine
| | Items | Co-pyrolysis oil | B5 | B10 | B15 | B20 | Diesel |
| | Density (kg/m3) | 1005 | 875 | 895 | 910 | 925 | 850 | | Kinematic viscosity (cSt) | 4.28 | 3.95 | 4.12 | 4.15 | 4.20 | 3.9 | | Flash point (°C) | 72 | 52 | 61 | 58 | 56 | 57 | | Fire point (°C) | 75 | 61 | 73 | 68 | 65 | 67 | | Cetane number | 24 | 40 | 38 | 35 | 33 | 50 | | Carbon residue | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | | Calorific value in MJ/kg | 40.3 | 42.76 | 42.62 | 42.10 | 41.7 | 43.60 |
| | Elemental analysis in wt% | |
| | C | 80.2 | — | — | — | — | 86.5 | | H | 9.5 | — | — | — | — | 13.2 | | N | 0.34 | — | — | — | — | 0.02 | | S | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | 0.24 | | Oa | 9.95 | — | — | — | — | — | | H/C molar ratio | 1.411 | — | — | — | — | — | | O/C molar ratio | 0.093 | — | — | — | — | — | | Empirical formula | CH1.41N0.003O0.093 | — | — | — | — | — |
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aPercentage of oxygen = 100% − (C% + H% + N% + S%).
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