Prefabricated Urban Underground Utility Tunnels: A Case Study on Mechanical Behaviour with Strain Monitoring and Numerical Simulation

<div>Comparison of operation and backfilling conditions. (a) Third principal stress of concrete on the inner surface of side wall. (b) First principal stress of concrete on the inner surface of the roof. (c) Maximum stress of connecting bolts.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 11

Figure 11: Prefabricated Urban Underground Utility Tunnels: A Case Study on Mechanical Behaviour with Strain Monitoring and Numerical Simulation 