Study on the Effect of Amygdales on Mechanical Characteristics of Basalt Using the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method

Figure 1

Constitutive models and mechanical principles of cohesive crack element in FDEM: (a) schematic diagram of fracture process zone (FPZ) in brittle rock material; (b) schematic diagram of the numerical FPZ model in Irazu; (c) schematic diagram of 4-noded CCEs and 3-noded triangular elements; (d) tensile fracture mode (mode I); (e) shear fracture mode (mode II); (f) mixed tension-shear fracture mode (mode III) (modified by Zhang et al. [18]).

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