Seismic Behavior of Elliptical Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns under Combined Axial Compression and Cyclic Lateral Loading

Table 3

Failure modes of the specimens.

Failure modes	Specimens
Local buckling	E1.3-C45-0.2, E1.8-C45-0.2, E1.8-C75-0.2, E1.8-C100-0.2,E1.8-C45-0.1, E1.8-C45-0.3, E1.8-C45-0.2m, E1.8-C45-0.2l, E1.8-C45-0.2b, E1.8-C45-0.3b
	Fracture of the steel tube	E2.3-C45-0.2, E1.8-C60-0.2

The loading procedure of E1.0-C45-0.2 was not completed due to the abrupt failure of the instrument.