Estimating the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

Figure 8

SEM images of HMA at 140°C and optimized binder content of 4.36%: (a) asphalt mortar at magnification ×200 and bar scale 100 μm. (b) Asphalt mortar at magnification ×500 and bar scale 50 μm. (c) Filler particles at magnification ×5000 and bar scale 5 μm. (d) Asphalt binder film at magnification ×10,000 and bar scale 1 μm. (e) Asphalt binder film at magnification ×30,000 and bar scale 0.5 μm. (f) Elemental composition of asphalt binder film at point X in image (e) by EDS.

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