Experimental Study and Proposal to Improve the EWM Design of Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Channel Columns with Circular Holes under Axial Compression

Figure 8

Instrumentation arrangement. LVDTs for specimens (a) with holes and (b) without holes. Strain gauges for specimens (c) with holes and (d) without holes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)