Experimental Study and Proposal to Improve the EWM Design of Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Channel Columns with Circular Holes under Axial Compression

Figure 9

Buckling modes of the specimen C80-05-1H3-2. (a) Local buckling in the web. (b) Local buckling in flanges. (c) Distortional buckling. (d) Failure in interaction buckling.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)