Experimental Study and Proposal to Improve the EWM Design of Cold-Formed Steel Lipped Channel Columns with Circular Holes under Axial Compression

Table 2

Comparison on failure modes and failure loads of specimens.

Specimen	Buckling mode in test	Buckling mode in FE analysis	Pt (kN)	Rate of reduction of capacity (%)	Pa (kN)	Pc (kN)	Pt/Pa	Pt/Pc
C80-05-NH-1	L + D	L + D	34.04		35.09	33.70	0.971	1.012
C80-05-NH-2	L + D	L + D	35.61		35.97	33.83	0.990	1.053
C80-05-1H3-1	L + D	L + D	34.57	0.71	37.41	33.41	0.924	1.035
C80-05-1H3-2	L + D	L + D	34.50	0.93	36.70	33.13	0.940	1.042
C80-05-1H5-1	L + D	L + D	32.72	6.05	34.16	32.27	0.958	1.014
C80-05-1H5-2	L + D	L + D	32.84	5.71	34.61	32.12	0.949	1.023
C80-05-1H7-1	L + D	L + D	31.04	10.86	31.35	30.41	0.991	1.021
C80-05-1H7-2	L + D	L + D	30.79	11.59	32.41	29.87	0.951	1.031
C80-10-NH-1	L + D	L + D	27.24		28.02	26.22	0.972	1.039
C80-10-NH-2	L + D	L + D	27.57		28.02	26.88	0.984	1.026
C80-10-1H3-1	L + D	L + D	26.86	2.02	26.98	26.56	0.996	1.011
C80-10-1H3-2	L + D	L + D	26.43	3.57	27.40	25.76	0.965	1.026
C80-10-1H5-1	L + D	L + D	25.83	5.78	25.48	25.29	1.014	1.021
C80-10-1H5-2	L + D	L + D	25.19	8.12	25.61	24.78	0.983	1.016
C80-10-1H7-1	L + D	L + D	24.26	11.52	23.76	24.11	1.021	1.006
C80-10-1H7-2	L + D	L + D	23.78	13.21	24.53	23.87	0.969	0.996
C80-10-2H3-1	L + D	L + D	26.48	3.40	26.41	25.86	1.003	1.024
C80-10-2H3-2	L + D	L + D	26.40	3.69	25.93	25.72	1.018	1.027
C80-10-2H5-1	L + D	L + D	24.55	10.41	25.29	24.96	0.971	0.984
C80-10-2H5-2	L + D	L + D	24.50	10.62	23.98	24.30	1.022	1.008
C80-10-2H7-1	L + D	L + D	23.86	12.96	23.73	23.54	1.005	1.013
C80-10-2H7-2	L + D	L + D	23.56	14.05	23.67	22.79	0.995	1.034
C80-20-NH-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	20.17		19.53	20.62	1.032	0.978
C80-20-NH-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	20.78		20.42	20.32	1.017	1.022
C80-20-3H3-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	19.11	6.68	18.40	19.05	1.038	1.003
C80-20-3H3-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	19.26	5.96	18.19	19.49	1.059	0.988
C80-20-3H5-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	18.20	11.13	17.16	18.97	1.061	0.959
C80-20-3H5-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	18.02	12.00	17.33	19.00	1.039	0.948
C80-20-3H7-1	L + D + F	L + D + F	17.10	16.50	16.86	17.33	1.014	0.987
C80-20-3H7-2	L + D + F	L + D + F	16.73	18.29	17.04	17.33	0.982	0.965
C90-05-NH-1	L + D	L + D	40.72		41.55	39.09	0.980	1.042
C90-05-NH-2	L + D	L + D	41.80		43.09	38.87	0.970	1.075
C90-05-1H3-1	L + D	L + D	39.57	4.10	40.80	38.78	0.970	1.020
C90-05-1H3-2	L + D	L + D	39.83	3.48	40.64	38.63	0.980	1.031
C90-05-1H5-1	L + D	L + D	38.46	6.77	39.65	38.08	0.972	1.010
C90-05-1H5-2	L + D	L + D	38.32	7.12	40.71	38.28	0.941	1.001
C90-05-1H7-1	L + D	L + D	34.42	16.58	35.45	32.12	0.971	1.072
C90-05-1H7-2	L + D	L + D	35.14	14.85	37.50	34.05	0.937	1.032
C90-10-NH-1	L + D	L + D	38.51		38.12	37.78	1.011	1.019
C90-10-NH-2	L + D	L + D	38.31		37.73	36.50	1.015	1.051
C90-10-1H3-1	L + D	L + D	37.44	2.54	36.99	35.67	1.012	1.052
C90-10-1H3-2	L + D	L + D	37.73	1.79	37.08	35.89	1.018	1.051
C90-10-1H5-1	L + D	L + D	36.22	5.71	35.58	35.79	1.018	1.012
C90-10-1H5-2	L + D	L + D	36.51	4.96	35.86	34.67	1.018	1.053
C90-10-1H7-1	L + D	L + D	32.36	15.77	33.46	31.59	0.967	1.024
C90-10-1H7-2	L + D	L + D	34.04	11.40	33.44	33.69	1.018	1.011
C90-20-NH-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	23.48		23.70	23.08	0.991	1.018
C90-20-NH-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	24.27		23.68	23.28	1.025	1.043
C90-20-3H3-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	22.11	7.43	21.38	21.84	1.034	1.012
C90-20-3H3-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	22.44	6.02	21.87	22.27	1.026	1.008
C90-20-3H5-1	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	21.25	11.05	20.81	21.17	1.021	1.004
C90-20-3H5-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	20.30	15.01	21.07	21.24	0.963	0.956
C90-20-3H7-1	L + D + F	L + D + F	18.99	20.50	19.38	18.90	0.981	1.005
C90-20-3H7-2	L + D + FT	L + D + FT	19.22	19.54	19.83	18.87	0.969	1.018
Average							0.9933	1.0172
Standard deviation							0.0269	0.0194
Coefficient of variation							0.0271	0.0190