Freeze-Thaw Splitting Strength Analysis of PAC Based on the Gray-Markov Model

Table 1

Percentage of the asphalt film spalling area of the samples with different porosities under multiple freeze-thaw cycles.

Number of freeze-thaw cycles	Porosity rate
	19%	21%	24%
0	0	0	0
2	0	1.17	4.78
4	0	3.39	8.38
6	8.65	4.50	18.08
8	14.13	6.83	21.22
10	17.25	11.48	25.09
12	26.71	17.72	37.37
14	32.78	27.38	45.36
16	38.84	30.71	56.05
18	50.77	38.15	79.11
20	66.07	60.79	92.07