The Influence of Coffee Husk Ash as a Filler on the Performance of Bituminous Concrete Mix

Figure 3

Typical graphs of Marshall properties with coffee husk ash (a–f). (a) Bitumen content vs. unit wt. (b) Bitumen content vs. VA, (c) bitumen content vs. VMA, (d) bitumen content vs. VFB, (e) bitumen content vs. stability, and (f) bitumen content vs. flow.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)