Influence of Initial Imperfections on PMMA Spherical Shell

Figure 3

Comparison between first-order modal method and N-order modal method in buckling load of four types of spherical shells (a) Complete spherical shell (b) Spherical shell with single penetration (c) Spherical shell with double penetration (d) Hyperspherical shell.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)