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| Biomass briquettes | Reaction | Inference | References |
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| Rice husk char | Exothermic | The peak was recorded by the sample at a temperature of about 446.67°C, showing that heat is released by rice husk char during the heating process | [28] |
| Spent coffee ground (SPG) | Exothermic | Xanthum gum combination of the SPG recorded highest peak at 515°C, whereas raw SPG had its highest peak value around 550°C | [29] |
| Wood chips, saw dust, and wood straw | A combination of exothermic and endothermic | Between 20°C–120°C, the samples showed endothermic peaks, indicating evaporation of moisture from the sample. The samples recorded only one exothermic curve between 220°C–575°C. | [30] |
| Tomsk peat, Sukhovskoy peat, and Arkadievsky peat | A combination of exothermic and endothermic | Two exothermic peaks, between 200°C and 340°C and 370°C and 570°C, respectively, were shown by the peat samples indicating transfer of heat from the system to the surrounding | [31] |
| Nutshell and bran | A combination of exothermic and endothermic | Two exothermic peaks, between 225°C and 460°C and 480°C and 600°C, respectively, were shown by nutshell and bran indicating heat loss to the surrounding | [30] |
| Sorghum panicle and pearl millets | A combination of exothermic and endothermic | Two exothermic peaks, between 225°C and 340°C and 340°C and 370°C, respectively, were shown by sorghum panicle and pearl millets indicating the release of energy due to the decomposition of fixed carbon and residual lignin | This research |
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