[Retracted] Maintenance Methodologies Embraced for Railroad Systems: A Review

Table 1

Inferences of traditional track maintenance methods.

Author Reference	Evaluation Scheme	Concentrated segment	Parameters involved	Tools employed	Research gap
[20]	Real time	Track maintenance schedule	Time window/travel cost/penalty cost	Time-space network model	Running time/renewal cost of rail
[12]	Case study	Track maintenance	Axle box acceleration measurements	Big data techniques	Maintenance frequency
[13]	Case study	Track maintenance analysis and rail infrastructure	Railway track operational factors	Risk matrix modelling	Weak overhead cable
[14]	Case study	Track deterioration	Track geometry measurements	RMMS	Life cycle costing
[16]	Case study	Electrically insulated rail joint	Inspection time variations/periodic replacement interval	Fault tree analysis	Inaccurate prediction/frequency of usage
[17]	Case study	Track maintenance schedule	Time periods/set up cost/key performance indicators	Capacitated arc routing problem	Maintenance crew scheduling
[18]	Case study	Track fault detection	Temperature/current/voltage	Remote condition monitoring	Database management/decision-making
[19]	Real time	Track maintenance schedule	Train timetable	Mathematical modelling	Speed restrictions
[21]	Real time	Track buckling	Rail temperature	Finite element analysis	Weather parameters
[22]	Case study	Rail maintenance	Squats/ballast defects	MILP solver	Multiple track defects (corrugation/ballast degradation)