Microbial Diversity Reduction in Soil by Long-Term Climate Warming

Table 1

The effects of microbial activities.

Observed effect	Microbial activity	Material (S)	Major microorganisms
Discoloration	Physical presence	All	Algae, cyanobacteria, and fungi
Retention of water	Physical presence and EPS	All	All
Stimulation of growth of heterotrophic and higher organisms	Physical presence	Clean surfaces	Algae and photosynthetic bacteria, including cyanobacteria
Breakdown of material	Hydrolytic enzymes	Wood and painted surfaces	Fungi and bacteria
Disaggregation of material	Filamentous growth form	Stone, concrete, mortar, and wood	Fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, algae, and lichens
Formation of patinas	Oxidation of translocated cations	Stone	Iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria
Degradation (“corrosion”)	Acid production	Stone, concrete, and mortar	Fungi, bacteria, and lichens
Weakening and dissolution of structure	Mobilisation and chelation of ions	Stone, brick, concrete, and mortar	All
Alkaline dissolution	Uptake of ions by cells	Stone	Algae and cyanobacteria
Disruption of layered silicates	Liberation of polyols (e.g., glycerol and polysaccharides)	Mica and soapstone	All