Pullout Characteristics and Damage Softening Model of the Geogrid-Soil Interface

Figure 9

Progressive pullout process of geogrid in softening model. (a) Elastic phase. (b) Softening-elastic phase. (c) Softening phase. (d) Residual-softening phase. (e) Residual phase.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)