Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Energy Evolution Characteristic of Granite considering the Loading Rate Effect

Figure 3

Mechanical environment of rock specimen in underground engineering before and after excavation: σ₁, σ₂, σ₃ are initial stresses, and σ₁ > σ₂ > σ₃; σ_θ, σ_a, and σ_r are stresses acting on representative rock specimen, and σ_θ > σ_a > σ_r (adapted from Su et al. [16]).