Physical Modelling of Rainfall-Induced Sandy and Clay-Like Slope Failures

Table 1

Basic physical and mechanical properties of the S and sand-kaolin mixture SK10 and SK15 built in the small-scale model and the initial conditions at the start of a test [37].

Parameters	Sand (S)	Sand-kaolin mixture
		Sand + 10% kaolin (SK10)	Sand + 15% kaolin (SK15)
Specific gravity, Gs	2.70	2.69	2.67
Dry density, ρd (g/cm^3)	1.52	1.43	1.51
Total density, ρt (g/cm^3)	1.55	1.50	1.63
Effective particle size
D10 (mm)	0.19	0.038	0.056
D60 (mm)	0.37	0.31	0.207
Uniformity coefficient, cu	1.947	8.16	54.107
Minimum void ratio, emin	0.641	0.647	0.544
Maximum void ratio, emax	0.911	1.121	1.430
Hydraulic conductivity, ks (m/s)	1E − 05	6.78E − 06	3.5E − 06
Friction angle, ϕ (◦)	33.5	32.5	32.4
Cohesion, c (kPa)	0	2.7	3.4
Initial porosity, ni	0.44	0.469	0.434
Initial void ration, ei	0.78	0.884	0.766
Initial relative density, Dri	0.5	0.5	0.75
Initial water content, (%)	2	5	8.1