PFC2D-Based Analysis of the Effect of the Axial Loading Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Backfill

<div>Schematic of energy evolution at different loading rates. (a) Elastic energy evolution. (b) Dissipative energy evolution map.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

Figure 13: PFC2D-Based Analysis of the Effect of the Axial Loading Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Backfill 