Performance Optimization of Piled Raft Foundations in Layered Soil under Uniform Vertical Loading Using Plaxis 3D

Table 1

Material parameters used in the analyses [16, 17, 30].

Parameter	Clay	Pile	Raft
Young’s modulus, E (MPa)	54	25,000	34,000
Poisson’s ration,	0.15	0.2	0.2
Unit weight, γ (kN/m^3)	19	25	25
Friction angle, φ′ (°)	20	—	—
Cohesion, c′ (kPa)	20	—	—
Dilatancy ψ (°)	0	—	—