Design and Simulation of an Environment-Friendly ZrS₂/CuInS₂ Thin Film Solar Cell Using SCAPS 1D Software

Table 1

SCAPS-1D parameters.

Material parameters	ZrS2 [3]	CuInS2 [6]
Thickness (μm)	0.3	4.0
Band gap (eV)	1.7	1.43
Electron affinity (eV)	4.7	4.5
Dielectric permittivity (relative)	16.4	13.6
CB effective density (cm^−3)	2.2 × 10^19	2.2 × 10^18
VB effective density (cm^−3)	1.8 × 10^19	1.8 × 10^19
Electron thermal velocity (cm/s)	10^7	10^7
Hole thermal velocity (cm/s)	10^7	10^7
Electron mobility (cm^2/V-s)	300	100
Hole mobility (cm^2/V-s)	30	50
Donor density ND (cm^−3)	1 × 10^19	0
Acceptor density NA (cm^−3)	0	2 × 10^17

VB for valence band and CB stands for conduction band.