Predicting Micro-TESE among Heterogeneous Nonobstructive Azoospermic Patients: The Impact on Surgical Decision and ICSI

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of men with NOA who underwent micro-TESE.

	Total ()	Development cohort ()	Validation cohort ()
Age (year, )	30.9 (5.2)	30.5 (5.0)	31.8 (5.6)
Testicular volume (ml, median [IQR])	6.0 [4.0, 10.0]	8.0 [4.0, 10.0]	4.0 [2.5, 8.0]
FSH (IU/l, median [IQR])	26.6 [17.9, 38.5]	26.1 [17.4, 38.4]	27.7 [19.3, 38.8]
LH (IU/l, median [IQR])	13.5 [8.6, 20.1]	13.5 [8.8, 20.1]	13.8 [8.4, 20.0]
Testosterone (nmol/l, median [IQR])	3.5 [2.2, 5.0]	3.7 [2.3, 5.5]	2.80 [1.9, 4.1]
E2 (pg/ml, median [IQR])	20.0 [12.4, 27.5]	20.0 [11.3, 26.7]	21.0 [14.5, 28.4]
AMH (ng/ml, median [IQR])	2.6 [0.6, 5.8]	3.1 [0.7, 6.1]	1.5 [0.2, 4.6]
PRL (ng/ml, median [IQR])	13.7 [8.2, 18.0]	13.8 [8.3, 18.1]	13.3 [7.0, 18.0]
Inhibin B (pg/ml, median [IQR])	22.7 [10.0, 22.0]	23.1 [10.0, 20.5]	21.4 [2.8, 23.2]
Etiology, (%)
Mumps orchitis	105 (5.8)	51 (3.9)	54 (10.2)
Cryptorchidism	158 (8.7)	94 (7.3)	64 (12.1)
AZFc deletion	108 (5.9)	68 (5.3)	40 (7.5)
Klinefelter syndrome	297 (16.3)	166 (12.8)	131 (24.7)
Others	1154 (63.3)	913 (70.7)	241 (45.5)
Varicocele, (%)	94 (5.2)	86 (6.9)	8 (1.4)
History of successful sperm retrieval, (%)	63 (3.5)	53 (4.2)	10 (1.8)

means the history of successful sperm retrieval using any sperm retrieval techniques. The normal reference ranges of the hormonal determinations are as follows: FSH: 1.27-19.26 IU/l. LH: 1.24-8.62 IU/l. E2: 15-38.95 pg/ml. Testosterone: 1.75-7.81 nmol/l. PRL: 2.64-13.13 ng/ml. AMH: 0.77-14.5 ng/ml. Inhibin B: 18.22-311.27 pg/ml.