The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccines on Male Semen Parameters: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Comparison of semen analysis parameters pre- and postvaccination for the full cohort.

Variable	Semen sample (pre-/postvaccination)			Median; (IQR)	value
Abstinence period (days)	Pre	46		4.0; (3.0–5.0)	0.3810
	Post	46		4.0; (3.0–5.0)
Semen pH	Pre	46		7.5; (7.5–7.6)	0.1581
	Post	46		7.5; (7.3–7.7)
Semen volume (mL)	Pre	46		2.7; (2.2–3.9)	0.0905^+
	Post	46		2.5; (1.8–3.6)
Sperm concentration (10^6/mL)	Pre	46		25.0; (6.5–62.0)	0.0001
	Post	46		25.5; (7.0–79.0)
Total sperm count (10^6)	Pre	46		74.6; (14.3–159.6)	0.0538
	Post	46	1	65.6; (10.8–124.0)
Progressive motility (%)	Pre	46		45.0; (35.0–50.0)	0.1106^+
	Post	46		50.0; (30.0–50.0)
Total progressive motile sperm count (10^6)	Pre	46		31.0; (4.3–90.5)	0.2402
	Post	46		24.9; (5.0–72.9)
Normal sperm morphology (%)	Pre	38		3.0; (2.0–5.0)	0.4912^+
	Post	38		3.0; (2.0–4.0)
Sperm chromatin condensation (%)	Pre	13		40.0; (27.3–49.0)	0.0662^+
	Post	13		39.0; (34.5–63.5)

⁺ Parametric statistical comparison done with paired -test; Nonparametric comparison done with Wilcoxon test; Bold indicates ;.