Andrologia

Research Article

Clomiphene Citrate a First Step to Improve Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Retrospective Analysis

Table 2

Semen parameters before and during CC treatment.


	Median (IQR) before CC	Median (IQR) after CC	p-Value

All patients (n = 52)
Volume (mL)	2.9 (2.0–3.5)	2.8 (1.8–3.9)	0.633
Concentration (10⁶/mL)	0.0 (0.00–0.3)	0.01 (0.0–1.7)	0.042
Progressive motility (A)	0 (0.0–1.0)	2 (0–22)	0.001
Total motility (A + B)	0 (0.0–11.0)	0 (0–32)	0.001
Morphology (% normal)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.1 (0.1–2.1)	0.106
TMSC (10⁶/mL)	0.0 (0.0–6.5)	0.0 (0–158)	0.003
pH	8.3 (8.1–8.7)	8.3 (8.1–8.7)	0.547
Abstention days	4 (3–5)	4.0 (3.0–4.8)	0.137
Mild oligozoospermic (n = 3)
Volume (mL)	2.3 (2.2–4.3)	2.2 (1.8–3.3)	0.199
Concentration (10⁶/mL)	9.8 (5.9–9.9)	12.1 (5.0–13.4)	0.285
Progressive motility	5.0 (1–14)	20 (6–35)	0.109
Total motility	11.0 (9–29)	25.0 (19–48)	0.109
Morphology (% normal)	1.0 (0–1)	4.0 (0–7)	0.285
TMSC (10⁶/mL)	3.8 (1.4–6.5)	11.1 (1.7–12.8)	0.109
pH	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Abstention days	4.0 (3–4)	2.0 (2–4)	0.180
Severe oligozoospermic (n = 17)
Volume (mL)	2.3 (0.2–4.3)	2.3 (0.5–4.9)	0.825
Concentration (10⁶/mL)	0.3 (0.1–3.5)	0.7 (0.0–41)	0.962
Progressive motility	3.0 (0–35)	7.0 (0.0–51)	0.263
Total motility	13 (0–46)	25 (0–55)	0.132
Morphology (% normal)	1.0 (0–7)	1.0 (0–5)	0.550
TMSC (10⁶/mL)	0.1 (0–3.7)	0.3 (0–10.7)	0.532
pH	8.3 (6.5–9.2)	8.4 (7.9–8.5)	0.102
Abstention days	5.0 (1–10)	4.0 (1–7)	0.058
Azoospermic (n = 32)
Volume (mL)	2.9 (2.1–3.7)	3.0 (2.2–4.0)	0.736
Concentration (10⁶/mL)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.0 (0.0–0.2)	0.004
Progressive motility	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.0 (0.0–7.8)	0.003
Total motility	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.0 (0.0–20.5)	0.005
Morphology (% normal)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.0 (0.0–0.0)	0.017
TMSC (10⁶/mL)	0.0 (0–0)	0.0 (0.0–158)	0.005
pH	8.5 (8.1–8.7)	8.3 (8.1–8.6)	0.210
Abstention days	4.0 (3.0–5.0)	4.0 (3.0–5.0)	0.968

CC, clomiphene citrate; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; n, number of patients; n.a., not available; n.s., not significant; TMSC, total motile sperm count. . Mild oligospermia = sperm concentration of 5–15 × 10⁶/mL. Severe oligospermia = sperm concentration of 0–5 × 10⁶/mL. Azoospermia = sperm concentration of 0 × 10⁶/mL. Bold values signify significant outcomes.