Clomiphene Citrate a First Step to Improve Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Retrospective Analysis

Table 3

Hormonal evaluation and serum parameters before and during CC treatment.

Hormones	Before CC treatment	First measurement of CC treatment	One month with CC treatment	Three months with CC treatment	Six months with CC treatment	One year with CC treatment
TT (nmol/L)	8.3 ± 3.1; (n = 52)	17.6 ±; (n = 52)	17.0 ±; (n = 27)	17.5 ±; (n = 38)	19.1 ±; (n = 18)	21.0 ±; (n = 2)
FT (pmol/L)	177.5 ± 57.9; (n = 52)	379.3 ±; (n = 52)	353.2 ±; (n = 28)	390.7 ±; (n = 37)	397.4 ±; (n = 16)	365.0 ±; (n = 2)
LH (IU/L)	4.7 (3.2–6.1); (n = 51)	7.1 (5.7–11.5); (n = 49)	7.0 (5.6–12.0); (n = 27)	7.3 (5.0–9.3); (n = 30)	7.9 (5.1–13.8); (n = 16)	(n = 1)
FSH (IU/L)	13.4 ± 9.5; (n = 52)	20.3 ±; (n = 49)	19.8 ±; (n = 27)	11.0 (8.0–29.8); (n = 30)	23.0 ±; (n = 16)	(n = 1)
Estradiol (pmol/L)	109 (91–126); (n = 5)	102 (85–237); (n = 7)	237 (79–237); (n = 3)	93 (79–327); (n = 4)	114 (71–144); (n = 2)	n.a.
SHBG (nmol/L)	24 (19–45); (n = 52)	33 (22–53); (n = 51)	33 (19–45); (n = 28)	28 (22–58); (n = 33)	33 (26–54); (n = 18)	57 (34–57); (n = 2)
Albumin (g/L)	44.4 ± 2.4; (n = 52)	43.9 ± 2.5; (n = 51)	43.8 ± 2.7; (n = 28)	43.7 ± 2.0; (n = 33)	43.2 ± 2.6; (n = 16)	41.5 ± 1.3; (n = 2)
Serum parameters
Hematocrit (L/L)	0.44 ± 0.03; (n = 17)	0.44 ± 0.03; (n = 21)	0.44 ± 0.04; (n = 9)	0.46 ± 0.04; (n = 8)	0.46 ± 0.03; (n = 8)	n.a.
Hemoglobin (mmol/L)	9.2 ± 0.7; (n = 18)	9.4 ± 0.6; (n = 23)	9.3 ± 0.7; (n = 10)	9.3 ± 0.7; (n = 9)	9.7 ± 0.6; (n = 8)	n.a.
Thrombocytes (×10^9/L)	248 ± 59; (n = 17)	228 ± 57; (n = 21)	249 ± 62; (n = 8)	228 ± 46; (n = 7)	224 ± 57; (n = 10)	n.a.
ALAT (U/L)	22 (17–36); (n = 17)	21 (19–33); (n = 19)	19 (16–48); (n = 6)	22 ± 3; (n = 7)	24 ± 6; (n = 8)	n.a.
ASAT (U/L)	23 (20–27); (n = 16)	25 (21–28); (n = 18)	25 ± 5; (n = 6)	22 ± 4; (n = 5)	23 ± 5; (n = 8)	n.a.
AF (U/L)	80 ± 21; (n = 16)	70 ± 15; (n = 16)	77 ± 9; (n = 6)	71 ± 14; (n = 6)	67 ± 17; (n = 6)	n.a.
gGT (U/L)	24 (19–36); (n = 17)	24 (20–37); (n = 19)	32 ± 12; (n = 6)	26 ± 11; (n = 5)	29 ± 15; (n = 6)	n.a.
PSA (µg/L)	0.7 ± 0.3; (n = 43)	0.7 (0.5–0.8); (n = 21)	0.6 ± 0.1; (n = 5)	0.8 (0.5–0.9); (n = 9)	0.8 ± 0.4; (n = 8)	n.a.

Data are tabulated as mean ± SD or median (IQR). TT, total testosterone; FT, free testosterone; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle stimulating hormone; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin; n, number of patients; CC, clomiphene citrate; SD, standard deviation; ALAT, alanine aminotransferases; ASAT, aspartate transaminase; AF, alkalic phosphatases; gGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; n.a., not available. .