The Impact of Heat Exposure, Obesity, and Physical Activity on Sperm Quality: An Observational Study

Table 2

Association between high-temperature exposure, BMI, physical activity, and sperm concentration.

Variable	Concentration		Bivariate			Multivariate
	Abnormal	Normal	OR	CI 95%	p Value	OR	CI 95%	p Value
High-temperature exposure
Medium/high	10 (66.7%)	1 (2.2%)	88	9.24–838.40		74.09	5.83–941.30
Low	5 (33.3%)	44 (97.8%)
BMI
Obesity	9 (60%)	7 (15.6%)	8.14	2.20–30.19		16.74	1.81–155.20
Nonobesity	6 (40.0%)	38 (84.4%)
Physical activity
Low	13 (86.7%)	18 (40.0%)	9.75	1.96–48.47		27.23	1.31–566.25
Medium/high	2 (13.3%)	27 (60%)

Note: BMI: body mass index; Significant p value < 0.05.