The Effect of Thyme Honey on the Histopathological Changes of the Testis in Relation to the Side Effects of Valproic Acid in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Table 1

Evaluation of the effect of thyme honey on histological changes and histomorphometry of testis.

	Spermatogonia A	Spermatogonia B	Spermatozoa	Leydig	Sertoli cell
Control	91.6 ± 6.363^a	128 ± 7.527^a	270.5 ± 17.914^a	29.44 ± 2.297^a	95.2 ± 4.022^a
Th1	91.5 ± 7.412^a	127.7 ± 6.864^a	268.2 ± 17.592^a	28.77 ± 2.5385^a	95.4 ± 5.621^a
Th2	90.6 ± 8.435^a	126.4 ± 7.876^a	249.9 ± 18.823^b	28.66 ± 2.5980^a	93.5 ± 2.798^a
Th3	87.8 ± 7.969^ab	121.6 ± 7.676^a	245.6 ± 19.597^b	25.88 ± 2.147^b	92.2 ± 4.917^a
VPA	83.1 ± 7.936^b	96.09 ± 10.261^b	166.7 ± 15.333^c	23 ± 2.598^c	87.3 ± 5.735^b
VPA + Th1	82.87 ± 8.096^b	97.75 ± 10.347^b	210.3 ± 19.550^d	26.37 ± 2.825^b	93.44 ± 4.824^a
VPA + Th2	88.4 ± 8.474^ab	114.66 ± 10.816^c	200.7 ± 18.938^de	26 ± 2.598^b	93.7 ± 4.808^a
VPA + Th3	92.1 ± 7.130^a	111.6 ± 12.790^c	187.6 ± 18.880^e	25.22 ± 2.728^bc	92.5 ± 4.648^a
p-Value	0.033	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.012

Note: In the VPA group, edema in the interstitial tissue and ruptures in the germinal epithelium in most of the seminiferous tubules occurred. In the thyme honey groups, testicular tissue had normal histology. In the VPA + Th3 group, the testis tissue and the cellular order of seminiferous tubules are almost normal. ^{a,b,c,d,e,ab,ac,bc,de}Values with different superscript characters indicate significant difference between the control and treatment groups. Groups with the same superscript letter do not differ significantly.