The Effect of Thyme Honey on the Histopathological Changes of the Testis in Relation to the Side Effects of Valproic Acid in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Table 4

Effect of thyme honey and VPA on epididymal spermatozoa.

Parameter (%)	Group								p-Value
	Control	Th1	Th2	Th3	VPA	VPA + Th1	VPA + Th2	VPA + Th3
Viability	70.081 ± 1.57^a	78.94 ± 6.1^a	75.59 ± 3.78^a	80.46 ± 3.97^a	55.07 ± 1.13^b	69.98 ± 5.04^a	73.19 ± 3.10^a	70.89 ± 1.21^a	<0.0001
Dead spermatozoa	29.92 ± 1.57^b	21.06 ± 6.1^b	24.41 ± 3.78^b	19.54 ± 3.97^b	44.93 ± 1.13^a	30.02 ± 5.04^b	26.81 ± 3.10^b	29.11 ± 1.21^b	<0.0001
Motility	62.29 ± 4.04^ab	73.32 ± 4.84^a	75.37 ± 7.22^a	72.44 ± 10.75^a	45.00 ± 10.26^b	59.32 ± 15.58^ab	64.68 ± 10.68^a	69.42 ± 8.94^a	<0.0001

Note: Thyme honey consumption in contrast to the VPA significantly increased the percentage of sperm parameters (motility and viability) and decreased dead spermatozoa. ^a,b,abValues with different superscript characters indicate significant difference between the control and treatment groups. Groups with the same superscript letter do not differ significantly.