The Effect of Thyme Honey on the Histopathological Changes of the Testis in Relation to the Side Effects of Valproic Acid in Adult Male Wistar Rats

Table 5

Mean and standard deviation, MDA, and total TAC in testicular tissue of the studied groups.

	Testicular capsule thickness (µm)	Malondialdehyde (MDA)	Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
Control	37.57 ± 4.89^ab	1.358 ± 0.575^c	0.896 ± 0.022^a
Th1	26.67 ± 4.23^b	1.997 ± 0.984^bc	0.933 ± 0.053^a
Th2	31.15 ± 8.09^ab	2.508 ± 0.836^bc	0.869 ± 0.050^a
Th3	36.29 ± 7.95^ab	1.613 ± 0.293^bc	0.983 ± 0.009^a
VPA	41.29 ± 5.68^a	5.999 ± 0.756^a	0.057 ± 0.078^e
VPA + Th1	28.35 ± 7.32^b	4.298 ± 0.399^b	0.201 ± 0.010^d
VPA + Th2	35.83 ± 6.70^ab	3.148 ± 0.616^b	0.402 ± 0.085^c
VPA + Th3	29.17 ± 4.17^b	3.020 ± 0.399^bc	0.629 ± 0.067^b
p-Value	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001

Note: The groups receiving thyme honey and VPA at the same time prevented the increase of MDA compared to the VPA group. The amount of TAC in the groups receiving thyme honey was not significantly different from the control group. Comparing the control group with the group receiving VPA alone indicates a decrease in TAC. Values with different superscript characters ^{(a,b,c,d,e, ab,bc)} indicate significant difference between the control and treatment groups. Groups with the same superscript letter do not differ significantly.