Research Article
Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men
Figure 1
Effect of different concentrations of astaxanthin added to freezing medium on sperm metabolic activity after thawing. Fresh group (Fresh); freezing group without antioxidant (Control); freezing group containing 1 μM of astaxanthin (ASX1); freezing group containing 10 μM of astaxanthin (ASX10); and freezing group containing 50 μM of astaxanthin (ASX50). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. versus the fresh group, versus the fresh group, and ++ versus the control group. The one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used to compare the groups.