Research Article
Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on Post-Thaw Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men
Table 1
Effect of different concentrations of astaxanthin added to freezing medium on sperm parameters after thawing.
| Parameters | Groups | Fresh | Control | Astaxanthin 1 µM | Astaxanthin 10 µM | Astaxanthin 50 µM |
| Progressive motility (PR) (%) | 52.55 ± 7.23 | 17.13 ± 9.72 | 18.1 ± 8.1 | 23.63 ± 8.18,+ | 27.54 ± 9.2,++ | Total motility (PR + NP) (%) | 85.1 ± 6.3 | 46.72 ± 4.02 | 48.8 ± 5.24 | 65.53 ± 6.18,+++ | 67.83 ± 8.34,+++ | Normal morphology | 5.1 ± 2.6 | 4.5 ± 2.3 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 4.9 ± 2.33 | 4.9 ± 2.78 |
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Note: Data are presented as mean ± SEM. compared with the fresh group. +, ++, and +++ compared with the control group. |