Ultra-Rapid Freezing and Rapid Freezing Methods in Clinical ICSI Program: Effects on Sperm Biological Characteristics, DNA Methylation Stability, DNA Methyltransferase Activity, and Embryo Morphokinetics

Table 2

Evaluation of spermatozoa parameters after semen processing in fresh, ultra-rapid freezing, and rapid groups.

Sperm parameters	Fresh group; mean ± SD	Ultra-rapid freezing group; mean ± SD	Rapid group; mean ± SD
Progressive motility; (rapidly + slowly) (%)	76.66 ± 3.08	38.80 ± 4.21	34.86 ± 4.19^†††
Immotile (%)	11.04 ± 2.48	47.66 ± 2.65	50.76 ± 4.34^††
Total motility (%)	88.66 ± 2.44	51.96 ± 4.61	49. 56 ± 4.62
Normal morphology (%)	8.36 ± 1.47	3.46 ± 0.68	3.96 ± 0.76
Viability (%)	88.93 ± 4.50	64.30 ± 6.24	58.10 ± 8.69^††

; the difference between fresh with ultra-rapid freezing and rapid groups. ^††p-value < 0.01, ^†††; the difference between ultra-rapid freezing with rapid groups.