Research Article
Male Reproduction and Health after Recovery from COVID-19 Infection
Table 4
Changes of reproductive hormone and semen parameters at 1, 2, and 3 months after recovery from COVID-19.
| | Variable | Controls | 1 month | 2 months | 3 months |
| | Number of participants | 226 | 56 | 176 | 155 | | Age (year) | 29.74 ± 3.79 | 30.61 ± 4.26 | 29.62 ± 3.99 | 30.37 ± 3.76 | | Height (cm) | 177.47 ± 6.46 | 176.66 ± 5.37 | 177.48 ± 5.43 | 177.96 ± 5.29 | | Weight (kg) | 82.68 ± 14.74 | 83.46 ± 16.28 | 80.54 ± 13.65 | 82.58 ± 15.65 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.21 ± 4.15 | 26.69 ± 4.72 | 25.52 ± 3.84 | 26.02 ± 4.40 | | Follicle stimulating hormone (mIU/ml) | 4.62 ± 2.19 | 4.57 ± 2.16 | 4.74 ± 2.27 | 4.53 ± 2.20 | | Luteinizing hormone (mIU/ml) | 4.60 ± 2.18 | 4.42 ± 1.92 | 4.54 ± 2.06 | 4.50 ± 2.10 | | Testosterone (nmol/l) | 13.96 ± 5.01 | 13.95 ± 5.42 | 13.90 ± 5.10 | 13.95 ± 4.85 | | Semen volume (ml) | 3.68 ± 2.36 | 3.40 ± 1.51 | 3.69 ± 1.41 | 3.93 ± 1.72 | | Liquefaction time (min) | 17.32 ± 7.63 | 20.27 ± 11.85 | 20.97 ± 12.29 | 17.77 ± 8.45 | | pH | 7.22 ± 0.12 | 7.22 ± 0.10 | 7.2 ± 0.12 | 7.21 ± 0.07 | | Sexual abstinence (day) | 4.38 ± 2.04 | 4.11 ± 1.77 | 4.18 ± 1.88 | 4.25 ± 2.01 | | Progressive sperm motility (%) | 42.77 ± 13.88 | 29.43 ± 15.39 | 35.01 ± 15.60 | 40.87 ± 14.45 | | Nonprogressive sperm motility (%) | 18.86 ± 5.61 | 18.03 ± 5.62 | 19.18 ± 6.30 | 18.27 ± 6.03 | | Total sperm motility (%) | 61.63 ± 15.14 | 47.46 ± 17.49 | 54.19 ± 17.42 | 59.14 ± 16.31 | | Total sperm count (×106/ml) | 201.55 ± 177.99 | 157.67 ± 139.49 | 187.52 ± 166.32 | 217.38 ± 175.26 | | Sperm concentration (×106/ml) | 56.25 ± 36.92 | 48.69 ± 35.75 | 50.47 ± 35.16 | 57.04 ± 42.04 | | Round cell (×106/ml) | 1.53 ± 1.91 | 1.24 ± 1.04 | 1.25 ± 0.97 | 1.08 ± 0.98 | | Semen volume <1.5 ml (n) | 19 (8.41) | 6 (10.71) | 6 (3.41) | 8 (5.16) | | Liquefaction time >60 min (n) | 5 (2.21) | 3 (5.36) | 10 (5.68) | 4 (2.58) | | pH < 7.2 (n) | 17 (7.52) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (2.84) | 3 (1.94) | | Progressive sperm motility < 32% (n) | 53 (23.45) | 35 (62.50) | 73 (41.48) | 45 (29.03) | | Total sperm motility < 40% (n) | 24 (10.62) | 20 (35.71) | 37 (21.02) | 27 (17.42) | | Total sperm count < 39 × 106/ml (n) | 24 (10.62) | 6 (10.71) | 13 (7.39) | 10 (6.45) | | Sperm concentration < 15 × 106/ml (n) | 21 (9.29) | 6 (10.71) | 17 (9.66) | 16 (10.32) | | Round cell > 1 × 106/ml (n) | 112 (49.56) | 28 (50.00) | 98 (55.68) | 65 (41.94) |
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Note: Representing that there is statistical difference, . |
