Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Palestinian Pregnant Women and Its Association with Pregnancy Outcome
Table 4
Maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes by maternal serum ferritin levels. Statistical analysis was performed by independent sample t-test, except for frequency of low birth weight and frequency of preterm delivery that were analyzed by Chi-square test.
All (Mean ± SD)
Serum ferritin
Normal
Iron deficiency
P-value
(≥ 15 ng/mL)
(< 15 ng/mL)
Maternal characteristics (n= 300)
Age (years)
26.3 ± 5.9
26.0 ± 5.4
226.3 ± 6.3
0.436
BMI (kg/m2)
24.8 ± 4.1
25.3 ± 4.4
24.2 ± 3.7
0.017
No. of children
2.1 ± 2.0
2.0 ± 1.9
2.3 ± 3.1
0.158
No. of abortions
0.66 ± 1.2
0.59 ± 1.1
0.72 ± 1.2
0.328
Educational level (years)
11.6 ± 3.2
11.8 ± 2.8
11.5 ± 3.5
0.439
Monthly income (NIS)
1832 ± 1154
1835 ± 1096
1829 ± 1209
0.961
Pregnancy outcome
Birth weight (gm)
3022 ± 585
3123 ± 538
2945 ± 610
0.053
(n= 163)1
Birth height (cm)
48.3 ± 2.7
49.1 ± 2.3
47.9 ± 2.8
0.026
(n= 96)1
Head circumference (cm)
34.6 ± 1.4
35.0 ± 1.1
34.4 ± 1.4
0.025
(n= 96)1
Gestational age (weeks)
38.5 ± 1.5
38.9 ± 1.5
38.1 ± 1.5
0.008
(n= 122)1
Frequency
Normal
Iron deficiency
P-value
(≥ 15 ng/mL)
(< 15 ng/mL)
Frequency of low birth weight (< 2500 gm)
39 (23.9%)
9 (5.5%)
30 (18.4%)
0.001
Frequency of preterm delivery (< 37 weeks)
16 (13.1%)
2 (1.6%)
14 (11.5%)
0.003
n= 300 for all maternal characteristics except for monthly income it was 264. The indicated numbers of samples were assessed for each parameter.
