Anemia

Research Article

Determinants of Anemia among HIV-Positive Children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Attending Hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019: A Case-Control Study

Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of children on HAART and their parents in North Wollo Zone public hospitals, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2019 (N = 350). Nutrition, disease, and drug-related predictors of anemia among children on HAART.


Exposure variable	Responses	Anemia status
Exposure variable	Responses	Anemic count (%)	Nonanemic count (%)

Ethnicity	Amhara	113 (32.3)	217 (62.0)
	Oromo	1 (0.3)	5 (1.4)
	Tigrie	3 (0.9)	11 (3.1)

Educational status of the mother	Cannot read and write	59 (16.9)	85 (24.3)
	Can read and write	45 (12.9)	80 (22.9)
	Primary	12 (3.4)	59 (16.9)
	Secondary and above	1 (0.3)	9 (2.6)

Educational status of the father	Cannot read and write	53 (15.1)	89 (25.4)
	Can read and write	51 (14.6)	58 (16.6)
	Primary	6 (1.7)	63 (18.0)
	Secondary and above	7 (2.0)	23 (6.5)

Occupation of the mother	Not employed	66 (18.9)	83 (23.7)
	Housewife	44 (12.6)	83 (23.7)
	Governmental employee	6 (1.7)	62 (17.7)
	An employee in the private sector	1 (0.3)	5 (1.4)

Religion	Orthodox	72 (20.6)	134 (38.3)
	Muslim	31 (8.9)	79 (22.6)
	Others	14 (4)	20 (5.7)

Marital status of the mother	Single	15 (4.3)	16 (4.6)
	Married	72 (20.6)	136 (38.9)
	Divorced/Separated	30 (8.6)	74 (21.2)

Caregiver’s educational status	Noneducated	55 (15.9)	74 (21.3)
	Primary	38 (11.0)	107 (30.8)
	Secondary or above	24 (6.9)	49 (14.1)

Caregiver’s residence	Rural	33 (9.5)	109 (31.4)
Caregiver’s residence	Urban	84 (24.2)	121 (34.9)

Caregiver being on ART	Yes	95 (27.1)	190 (54.3)
Caregiver being on ART	No	22 (6.3)	43 (12.3)

The orphanhood of the child	Both	26 (7.4)	9 (2.6)
	Only mother	9 (2.6)	31 (8.9)
	Only father	4 (1.1)	15 (4.3)
	Not an orphan	78 (22.3)	178 (50.9)

Wealth index	1.00	43 (12.3)	30 (8.6)
	2.00	42 (12.0)	146 (41.7)
	3.00	32 (9.1)	57 (16.3)

Family size	<4	9 (2.6)	23 (6.6)
	4–6	49 (14.0)	123 (35.1)
	>6	59 (16.9)	87 (24.9)

Household food security	Not secured	23 (6.6)	33 (9.4)
Household food security	Secured	94 (26.9)	198 (56.6)

Sex of child	Male	67 (19.1)	101 (28.9)
Sex of child	Female	50 (14.3)	132 (37.7)

Orphan status of the child	Yes	85 (24.3)	139 (39.7)
Orphan status of the child	No	32 (9.1)	55 (15.7)

Age of the child	1–5	69 (22.4)	108 (33.5)
	5–10	31 (10.1)	76 (24.7)
	10–18	17 (5.5)	46 (14.9)