Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep in Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Narcolepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study in China
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with narcolepsy.
Children/adolescents
Adults
P1
P2
P3
All ()
N+PLMS (, 56.1%)
N-PLMS (, 43.9%)
All ()
N+PLMS (, 28.3%)
N-PLMS (, 71.7%)
Age at diagnosis, years
<0.001
0.771
0.812
Age at onset, years
<0.001
0.958
0.929
Males, (%)
23 (56.1)
12 (52.2)
11 (61.1)
43 (81.1)
12 (80.0)
31 (81.6)
0.008
0.567
0.895
BMI, kg/m2
<0.001
0.916
0.054
Duration of the disease, years
0.001
0.967
0.695
Clinical symptoms
ESS
<0.001
0.117
0.513
, (%)
23 (56.1)
15 (65.2)
8 (44.4)
47 (88.7)
12 (80.0)
35 (92.1)
<0.001
0.183
0.334
Cataplexy, (%)
32 (78.1)
18 (78.3)
14 (77.8)
42 (79.3)
14 (93.3)
28 (73.7)
0.888
0.970
0.640
Sleep paralysis, (%)
6 (14.6)
5 (21.7)
1 (5.6)
16 (30.2)
4 (26.7)
12 (31.6)
0.077
0.205
0.985
Hypnagogic hallucinations, (%)
9 (22.0)
5 (21.7)
4 (22.2)
27 (50.9)
7 (46.7)
20 (52.6)
0.004
0.970
0.696
PLMS, (%)
23 (56.1)
23 (100.0)
NA
15 (28.3)
15 (100.0)
NA
0.006
NA
NA
RBD, (%)
28 (68.3)
15 (65.2)
13 (72.2)
24 (45.3)
9 (60.0)
15 (39.5)
0.026
0.632
0.227
OSA, (%)
8 (19.5)
4 (17.4)
4 (22.2)
17 (32.1)
5 (33.3)
12 (31.6)
0.172
0.698
0.920
BMI: body mass index; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; NA: not applicable; N+PLMS: narcolepsy with PLMS; N-PLMS: narcolepsy without PLMS; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; PLMS: periodic limb movements during sleep; RBD: rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. P1: all children/adolescents vs. all adults; P2: children/adolescents with PLMS vs. without PLMS; P3: adults with PLMS vs. without PLMS.
